EU knowledge library
Maths & worked examples
See the arithmetic behind wagering, return to player and turnover. Hypothetical examples with their assumptions explained.
7 guides · European Union
Wagering requirements: identify the base first
A wagering multiplier needs a clearly defined base. Compare bonus-only and combined calculations without confusing required stakes with predicted losses.
Read the guideGame contribution: credited turnover is not stake size
Game contribution measures credited turnover rather than stake size. Distinguish excluded games from prohibited play and check national restrictions.
Read the guideDeposit matches: percentages and ceilings
Calculate deposit matches using the percentage and credit ceiling. Keep restricted rewards separate from cash and avoid treating the cap as a target.
Read the guideRTP is not a promise about your session
RTP describes a long-run average, not a promised session result. Understand game configurations, house edge and the limits of simple loss calculations.
Read the guideVolatility and why averages conceal risk
Similar average returns can hide very different outcome patterns. Understand volatility, finite balances and why past losses do not make a win due.
Read the guideTurnover, deposits and losses measure different things
Deposits, stakes, credited turnover and losses measure different events. Reconcile opening balances, transfers and adjustments over a defined period.
Read the guideWhat a wagering calculator cannot tell you
A wagering calculator can show required turnover, not profit or legal availability. Check its base, contribution assumptions, units and rounding.
Read the guideNo exact match yet
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